return {
	-- lspconfig
	{
		"neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
		event = { "BufReadPre", "BufNewFile" },
		dependencies = {
			{ "folke/neoconf.nvim", cmd = "Neoconf", config = true },
			{ "folke/neodev.nvim", opts = {} },
			"mason.nvim",
			"williamboman/mason-lspconfig.nvim",
			"hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp",
		},
		---@class PluginLspOpts
		opts = function()
			return {
				-- options for vim.diagnostic.config()
				diagnostics = {
					underline = true,
					update_in_insert = false,
					virtual_text = {
						spacing = 4,
						source = "if_many",
						prefix = "●",
						-- this will set set the prefix to a function that returns the diagnostics icon based on the severity
						-- this only works on a recent 0.10.0 build. Will be set to "●" when not supported
						-- prefix = "icons",
					},
					severity_sort = true,
				},
				-- add any global capabilities here
				capabilities = {},
				servers = {
					jsonls = {},
					lua_ls = {
						settings = {
							Lua = {
								workspace = {
									checkThirdParty = false,
								},
								completion = {
									callSnippet = "Replace",
								},
								telemetry = { enable = false },
							},
						},
					},
					pylsp = {
						settings = {
							pylsp = {
								plugins = {
									rope_autoimport = { enabled = true },
									isort = { enabled = true },
								},
							},
						},
					},
					lemminx = {
						settings = { xml = { server = { workDir = "~/.cache/lemminx" } } },
					},
				},
				-- you can do any additional lsp server setup here
				-- return true if you don't want this server to be setup with lspconfig
				---@type table<string, fun(server:string, opts:_.lspconfig.options):boolean?>
				setup = {
					-- example to setup with typescript.nvim
					-- tsserver = function(_, opts)
					--   require("typescript").setup({ server = opts })
					--   return true
					-- end,
					-- Specify * to use this function as a fallback for any server
					-- ["*"] = function(server, opts) end,
				},
			}
		end,
		---@param opts PluginLspOpts
		config = function(_, opts)
			-- diagnostics
			for name, icon in pairs(require("common").icons.diagnostics) do
				name = "DiagnosticSign" .. name
				vim.fn.sign_define(name, { text = icon, texthl = name, numhl = "" })
			end

			if type(opts.diagnostics.virtual_text) == "table" and opts.diagnostics.virtual_text.prefix == "icons" then
				opts.diagnostics.virtual_text.prefix = vim.fn.has("nvim-0.10.0") == 0 and "●"
					or function(diagnostic)
						local icons = require("common").icons.diagnostics
						for d, icon in pairs(icons) do
							if diagnostic.severity == vim.diagnostic.severity[d:upper()] then
								return icon
							end
						end
					end
			end

			vim.diagnostic.config(vim.deepcopy(opts.diagnostics))

			local servers = opts.servers
			local capabilities = vim.tbl_deep_extend(
				"force",
				{},
				vim.lsp.protocol.make_client_capabilities(),
				require("cmp_nvim_lsp").default_capabilities(),
				opts.capabilities or {}
			)

			local function setup(server)
				local server_opts = vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", {
					capabilities = vim.deepcopy(capabilities),
				}, servers[server] or {})

				if opts.setup[server] then
					if opts.setup[server](server, server_opts) then
						return
					end
				elseif opts.setup["*"] then
					if opts.setup["*"](server, server_opts) then
						return
					end
				end
				require("lspconfig")[server].setup(server_opts)
			end

			-- get all the servers that are available thourgh mason-lspconfig
			local have_mason, mlsp = pcall(require, "mason-lspconfig")
			local all_mslp_servers = {}
			if have_mason then
				all_mslp_servers = vim.tbl_keys(require("mason-lspconfig.mappings.server").lspconfig_to_package)
			end

			local ensure_installed = {} ---@type string[]
			for server, server_opts in pairs(servers) do
				if server_opts then
					server_opts = server_opts == true and {} or server_opts
					-- run manual setup if mason=false or if this is a server that cannot be installed with mason-lspconfig
					if server_opts.mason == false or not vim.tbl_contains(all_mslp_servers, server) then
						setup(server)
					else
						ensure_installed[#ensure_installed + 1] = server
					end
				end
			end

			if have_mason then
				mlsp.setup({ ensure_installed = ensure_installed, handlers = { setup } })
			end
		end,
	},

	-- formatters
	-- cmdline tools and lsp servers
	{
		"williamboman/mason.nvim",
		cmd = "Mason",
		opts = {
			ensure_installed = {
				"jdtls",
				"lua-language-server",
			},
		},
		---@param opts MasonSettings | {ensure_installed: string[]}
		config = function(_, opts)
			require("mason").setup(opts)
			local mr = require("mason-registry")
			local function ensure_installed()
				for _, tool in ipairs(opts.ensure_installed) do
					local p = mr.get_package(tool)
					if not p:is_installed() then
						p:install()
					end
				end
			end
			if mr.refresh then
				mr.refresh(ensure_installed)
			else
				ensure_installed()
			end
		end,
	},
	"mfussenegger/nvim-jdtls",
}